Sugar can seem simple, but the science is pretty complicated. While many of us are familiar with sugar (aka sucrose), which is found in foods as diverse as sugar cubes, salad dressing, fruits and vegetables, this is only one type of sugar. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides, and they’re made up of a single sugar molecule. Two sugar molecules bound together are called disaccharides. Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. Lactose, which is found in milk and dairy foods, is another disaccharide – it’s made from the monosaccharides galactose and glucose. Disaccharides can also consist of two identical monosaccharides. Such is the case with maltose, which is made up of two glucose units. And then there’s allulose…